Quote Originally Posted by su_liam View Post
Gebirge - (German) mountains, mountain range
Erg - (Arabic) dune, sandy desert
Hamada - (Arabic) rocky plateau
Chott - (Arabic) salt lake
Djebel - (Arabic) mountain
Nahr - (Arabic) river
Oued - (Arabic) river
Sahara - (Arabic) desert, plain
Sebkha - (Arabic) salt marsh

There's a start.
Some more Arabic topographical terms:
Buhiyra - Lake (Generally freshwater)
Bahr - Sea
Tal - Hill
Khalij - Gulf
Qanat - Canal

Administrative Terms:
Wilayat - State or Province
Balad - Region or County
Medina - City
Ruba' - Quarter (as in "foreign quarter")
Hayy - District

Those are just off the top of my head; if you have specific terms you'd like for a middle-eastern-themed map let me know.