I think it's a lot more intuitive than a lot of historical maps. I think a experience with a layout like this and it'd become automatic to interpret. Now, if didn't have labels like "inner planets", "inner belt" to help me get started, I think it might have been a lot harder to figure out. Since the actual bodies are in constant relative motion, no fixed scheme of positions is going to help with actual navigation, so as a human-usable map to get a quick overview of a system, this is a rather good idea. Color could be providing more information, though. At least knowing gas giants versus rocky planets would nice. Possibly another color or marker for any actually habitable world.

I have to agree that putting stars and a planet into the same orbit is going to be tricky.