To figure out what you need, start with the basics:
* Sleep
* Eat
* Eliminate
* Reproduce
* Defend
* Envy
* Complain
Then elaborate a little:
Sleeping chambers. May be individual, family, or communal.
Food production. May be exterior as fields or interior as mushroom farms that use decaying stuff from outside, something that lives on geothermal heat, or something else entirely.
Food storage. Usually dry, cool, and dark with a door to protect against vermin. Humidity tends to be bad for food unless it's sealed out somehow.
Food preparation. a kitchen of sorts. Typically at least a place for a fire and a spit to roast things over it.
Food consumption. usually has tables and seating (possibly in the form of rugs). Something like dogs or servants will serve as cleanup. Will attract vermin such as mice and roaches due to poor hygiene.
Toilets. All that food has to go somewhere. It's always nice if you can use a local river that's upstream from the poor folk / hated neighbors. May provide a nice place to store garments because the ammonia will keep away moths and things that would otherwise damage the clothes.
May be dedicated birthing rooms. Will likely be places to watch over or educate the young (may be coincident with general communal spaces). Possibly ceremonial naughty-time places.
Defense will be against vermin, the local fauna, and any enemies. Very simple defensive items like doors and pits in entryways that have removable bridges will serve as a first line of defense. Will also include any communal weapon storage. If there are weapons, most likely there is a place to make and repair weapons. If metal, then a forge (which implies fuel, raw material, and tools).
Making your neighbors jealous of you is important because it affects social status. Jewelry, clothing, and fancy version of standard items are all good ways to do this. Items traded from neighbors will generally have higher value than local items.
Complaint is one of the most vital elements of a society that naturally falls out from envy and most of the other activities. It's the glue that holds us all together. A tribal council is the internal forum for formal complaints; the local government is the external forum for such complaints. Facilitating complaints often may require alcohol or other such mood-altering substances, implying a production area for such.
There are of course, many other functions, depending on the culture and situation (for example: a desert community is unlikely to have much use for docks, while a well might be out of place in a jungle). In most places, producing a structure is expensive and that structure will likely be used for multiple activities. If the society lives in multi-family structures as with certain Amazonian tribes, the structure will serve as a place to relax, discuss, prepare food, produce and repair garments and weapons and generally serve as the central hub of the social unit. Dedicated single-purpose structures or rooms are largely a result of fairly recent affluence or basic hygiene requirements. For example, a slaughterhouse or tannery are generally not good places to sleep or reproduce. A dedicated room for moving between other rooms (a corridor) is a fairly recent invention, especially in lower-class housing.