Not sure if you're wanting to make battlemap or campaign scale maps, but on the battlemap side I've had pretty good luck with a combination of Bryce, Poser, and Photoshop.
I create the terrains in Bryce then export them to Poser to render them and any trees, houses, objects, etc. Everything gets composited together in Photoshop with shading/lighting and effects.
For someone just getting started, DAZ studio may be the better choice than Poser these days, but I'm pretty well entrenched in that regard.
As others have said, if you're willing to put the time in, you can do anything with photoshop.