[WIP] Cooking up a world from scratch

[Veldrin]

Part of the explanation is that I accidentally used the default sea-level temperature instead of the changing it to the surface temperature. Changing it to surface-level does normalise the temperatures of the smaller continent, but makes the large continent even hotter or as hot as previously.

EDIT: Actually it looks like the large continent is slightly cooler. And the hotter temperatures are at least nearer the equator.

if I understand correctly, your planet mean temperature is 17,86 degrees?
That is 4 degrees warmer than Earth during the 20th century.
So actually, your temperatures make sense.

If I can add something, it actually makes sense to me that temperatures are higher in continents than in oceans, since the albedo of oceans is higher than albedo of continents. Besides the global warming is currently thawing the icelands, which have a very high albedo (it's white!). It means that global warming is snowballing and the temperatures will increase faster over time

I've been reading up a fair bit on tectonics, so I have a decent grasp of the basic processes (although the geological side of things still eludes me).

If I remember well my geological courses, tectonics explain in part the reliefs (and especially cordilleras and ocean rifts). It is pretty easy to understand with a few schemes:

Here are two plates going in the opposite direction. One goes below the other one, thus creating mountains (e.g. Andes cordillera) and/or a chain of volcanoes:
subduction.gif

And here is the same, but the continental slope is longer than the one on the previous picture, so it creates a volcanic archipelago:
subduction 2.jpg

Here is a scheme of an oceanic ridge (with an explanation):
nxunH8dk0f_1399986350060.jpg

And finally, here is the summary:
oceanic+ridge+Diverging+Zone.jpg

Anyway if you look at the map of Earth, you can see that reliefs don't follow the abovementionned rules everytime. Sometimes it is really hard to understand.
I always wonder if my reliefs look real enough (or not) when I draw it, because you need to put some mountains here and there even if you cannot explain every one of them.

Your world looks promising btw you're digging in the details to get something as realistic as possible and it's fck*** cool !
You're using stuff that I didn't even imagine ^^ and you have super cool results !
I'm really looking forward to seeing more !